一株海洋细菌BA-3的鉴定及其对建兰尖孢镰刀菌茎腐病的防治

为获得对建兰茎腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌具有良好抑菌效果的生防菌，以海洋鱼类为分离来源，室内测定不同海洋细菌菌株的抑菌活性，筛选抑菌率最高的菌株，在此基础上对所筛菌株进行分类鉴定及抑菌谱和防效测定。结果表明：从海洋鱼类中分离获得43株海洋细菌，初筛出10株对建兰茎腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌具有明显抑制作用的菌株，抑菌带宽0.60～1.60 cm，其中菌株BA-3抑制作用最强，抑菌率达87.69%；经形态、生理生化及分子生物学鉴定，确认菌株BA-3为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。该菌抑菌谱广，对建兰茎腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌的室内防效为79.05%，大棚防效74.71%～77.09%，具有良好的应用前景。     

利用金融创新促进广东海洋高新技术产业发展的研究构想

提出利用金融创新促进广东海洋高新技术产业发展的研究构想,并就研究意义与国内外研究现状进行分析与述评;接着就研究的基本思路、主要观点、目标以及拟解决的关键问题、拟采取的研究方案进行概述;最后就研究的预期指标及社会经济效益、主要创新之处进行介绍.     

Cuban brown snail,Zachrysia provisoria (Gastropoda): Damage potential and control

The snail Zachrysia provisoria (Pfeiffer) is poorly known in Florida, USA, where it predominately is viewed as a pest of ornamental plants. I evaluated its host plant relationships, foliage consumption potential, and susceptibility to several molluscicides. Many of the potential hosts, especially common ornamental plants that are planted densely as ground cover and might be expected to provide a favorable environment for snails, are not suitable for growth of young snails. Older snails, though displaying some ability to feed and damage hosts unsuitable for growth of young snails, displayed similar patterns of acceptance and growth. Several weeds were favorable for growth, suggesting that untended environments could lead to snail problems in adjacent ornamental plantings. The effect of plant condition (age) on snail feeding preference was assessed by measuring leaf consumption by snails presented simultaneously with young (green, located apically) and senescent (yellowing or yellow, located basally) leaves of a single plant species. From preferred host plants, snails chose young leaf tissue, but from less preferred plants they consumed senescent tissue. Foliage consumption potential was assessed using romaine lettuce at two constant temperatures, 24 and 32 °C. Foliage consumption increased with age (wet weight) at both 24 and 32 °C; however, the rate of consumption was higher at the lower temperature. At 24 °C, mean peak consumption was about 40 cm² of leaf area or 12 g wet weight/day. At the less favorable high temperature of 32 °C, mean peak consumption was reduced by about 50%, to a mean of only 20 cm² or 6 g wet weight/day. Relative consumption rate (cm² or g foliage/g snail) diminished with age (wet weight) of the snails. Several molluscicide-containing baits were assessed. Metaldehyde-based baits induced mortality most quickly, followed by iron-based baits. A boric acid-based bait was slowest, requiring 12 days for the induction of significant levels of mortality. All baits significantly suppressed feeding, however, sometimes even in the absence of mortality.     

我国海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放量估算与效率分析

渔业向人类提供大量水产品的同时,也因其大量使用化石燃料而对生态环境造成了一定的负面影响。借助机动渔船油价补助用油量测算参考标准,对2007年我国海洋捕捞渔船燃油消耗量进行估算。结果表明,2007年我国海洋捕捞机动渔船燃油消耗总量约为557.01万t,其中,拖网作业渔船的燃油消耗占了57.56%,按照不同温室气体的增温潜势数据折算成CO2的排放总量为1 790万t;与其他几种作业方式相比,刺网对应的燃油消耗与产量比值及温室气体排放量与产量比值较高,分别为0.55和1.77。建议加强对刺网作业的管理,通过标准化网目尺寸和限制多重刺网结构,逐步提高生产效率和生态效益。     

海水中燃油和滑油污染对刺参、海胆的毒性研究

为探讨燃油和滑油对海洋生态系统的危害，以刺参幼苗和海胆幼苗为受试生物，研究燃油、滑油和滑油一燃油混合油（比例1：4）对受试生物的致毒效应。耐受性对比试验表明：肖海水中的石油浓度为0．021-3．390mg／L时，在240h时间内刺参和海胆幼苗具有一定的耐受性，但不具有致死毒性作用：滑油对受试生物的毒性大于燃油的毒性。     

五花山水库征占林地对环境的影响分析

根据五花山水库的建设及征占林地的情况,论述了征占林地对森林资源、陆生动物、水生生物和鱼类、景观生态和生物多样性的影响;同时阐明了通过采取补偿等措施可将影响降低到最低。     

高温热泵回收船舶柴油机余热的应用分析

通过分析船舶柴油机余热，说明采用高温热泵回收柴油机缸套冷却水余热的优点，并计算出可回收利用的缸套冷却水余热量；进一步分析了高温热泵回收缸套冷却水余热应满足的条件，在此基础上，确定了高温热泵的类型，给出了用于回收柴油机余热的高温热泵的系统原理图，阐述了系统的工作原理和研究中存在的难点，推荐了两种较为适宜的高温热泵工质．     

糖蛋白生物活性研究综述

糖蛋白是生物体内重要的生物大分子之一，它广泛存在于动物、植物和某些微生物中，甚至还存在于单细胞有机体和病毒中糖蛋白可分别以可溶性和不溶性形式存在干细胞外液和细胞间质中几乎所有合成蛋白质的细胞都会合成糖蛋白，随着糖生物学研究的迅速发展，使长期被忽视的糖蛋白已成为生物化学研究的中心，它吸引着许多学科，包括化学、生物学、生物化学、兔疫学、细胞生物学、医药学以及食品科学的工作者从事这一领域的研究。     

Geomorphological and paleoclimatic implications of soil development from siliceous materials on the coral-reef terraces of Liuchiu Island in southern Taiwan

Liuchiu Island is an uplifted coral-reef island located off southwestern Taiwan. A total of four soil pedons, labeled as LC-1 and LC-2 from the Holocene terraces and LC-3 and LC-4 from the Pleistocene terraces, were sampled on the island for this work. These soils were siliceous, and were characterized by enrichment of clay and free iron (Fe_d). According to Soil Taxonomy, pedons LC-3 and LC-4 were classified as Paleudults and pedons LC-1 and LC-2 were Dystrudepts. The soil properties showed progressive changes from pedon LC-1 to pedon LC-4 in morphology, physical and chemical properties, and clay mineralogy. The contents of total Fe and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable Fe were significantly higher in pedons LC-3 and LC-4 with high weathering degree than in pedons of LC-1 and LC-2 with less weathering degree. Enrichment of kaolinite and gibbsite in pedons LC-3 and LC-4 also suggested high chemical weathering degree of the soils. The estimated soil ages for all studied pedons were consistent with their degrees in pedogenesis, where pedons LC-3 and LC-4 were located at older terraces and pedons LC-1 and LC-2 were located at younger terraces. Namely, it complied with the geologic interpretation of the continuous and simultaneous uplift and tilt of the island over time. Instead of the in situ weathering from the underlying coral reef limestone, all soils developed from siliceous parent materials deposited onto the surfaces. The SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of soils indicated a component of loess may have been incorporated from continental China as part of the parent material, which confirmed a climate change of strong monsoons or severe dust storms occurred before the Holocene. However, soil development increased by the subsequent warm and humid climates of the interglacial stage over time.     

From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants?

In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage.